Understanding Heart Attack
What is a Heart Attack?
A heart attack (myocardial infarction) occurs when blood flow to a part of the heart muscle is suddenly blocked, usually due to a clot in the coronary arteries. This blockage prevents oxygen from reaching the heart muscle, causing chest pain, shortness of breath, and other symptoms. Prompt medical attention can save heart muscle and lives.
What Causes a Heart Attack?
The most common cause is the buildup of fatty deposits called plaques in the coronary arteries — a condition known as coronary artery disease (CAD). These plaques can rupture, forming a blood clot that blocks blood flow to the heart. Other causes include high BP, diabetes, smoking, obesity, and stress.
Treatment and Management
Treatment focuses on quickly restoring blood flow through angioplasty, stent placement, or bypass surgery. Long-term management includes medication, quitting smoking, eating a heart-healthy diet, regular exercise, and controlling blood pressure and cholesterol.